Input and Output Devices

Lesson Plan: Unit - 01 Computer Fundamentals



Subject: BELE2CFA : Computer Fundamentals And Applications
Topic of Study: Input and Output Devices
Grade/Level: Bachelor of SCIENCE
Objective: To understand the Input and Output devices  and its functionalities
Time Allotment: 60 Minutes

5.0 Input Devices

Input and output devices can be connected with a computer using two types of technology.

• Wire
• A wire technology used a cable to connect that device with a computer system.
• Wireless
• A wireless technology used without cable to connect that device with a computer system.
• Technology may be infrared, Bluetooth, WiFi, etc...

• A device which is used to input data into the computer system.
• Example: Keyboard, Mouse, Mic, Scanner, Joystick, Digital Pen, TouchPad

Figure 4.0 Example of Input Devices

• An input data can be following types...
• Alphanumeric data.
• Audio data.
• Image data
• Actions data.
• Drawing/lines data.

5.0.1. Keyboard

• It is a primary device to input data in a computer system.
• Most of the computer has QWERTY layout type of keyboard.
• It may have 101, 104 or 118 keys that depend on the size of the keyboard.
• A keyboard can connect with the computer system using two types of connectors.
1. PS/2 connector
2. USB connector
• In old mobile, T9 type of layout keypad is used for input data.
• It has several keys...

• Alphabet keys (A to Z)
• It is used to write small or capital letters.
• Numeric keys (0 to 9)
• It is used to write numeric values.
• Symbols keys (!@#$%^&*()_+{}:">?<)
• It represents symbols as per operations.
• Function keys (F1 to F12)
• It is a special type of the key which has special operations. Example. F1 is used to provide help. Sometimes, it may work with others keys. Example. ALT + F4 is used to shut down the computer.
• Other keys (Tab, Caps Lock, Shift, CTRL, ALT, TURBO, ARROWS, Page Up, Page Down, Home, End, Delete, Insert, Print Screen, Spacebar, Back Space)
• Tab key is used to move from one object to other. It has another used that it will provide space.
• Caps lock is a toggle key. It will help to write your letter in the capital.
• The shift key is a key which helps to write special kinds of symbols from the keyboard or to write a capital letter.
• ALT key is used with others key. It is also used to open / access menu.
• Arrows Keys are used to moving up, down, left and right direction.
• Page Up key is used to move the page up once time.
• Page Down key is used to move the page down one time.
• Home key is used to move your cursor at the begin of the document.
• End key is used to move your cursor at the end of the document.
• Delete key is used to delete the character at the current location.
• Spacebar key is used to provide a single space between character or words.
• The backspace key is used to remove a single character before the cursor.

5.0.2. Mouse

• This is also a primary input device for the computer system.
• A mouse can connect with a computer system using two types of connectors.
1. PS/2 connector
2. USB connector

• There are two kinds of Mouse technology.
1. Mechanical Mouse
• A mouse which has a small marble type of ball at the bottom side which can control your cursor while moving on the mouse pad.
• The mouse pad is a small area or pad when you move your mouse.
2. Optical Mouse
• A mouse which has a laser technology at the bottom side which can control the cursor while moving on the surface.
• Sometimes, an optical mouse doesn't need any mouse pad.

• Nowadays, a mouse has three kinds of buttons.
• Left Button
• It is used to perform normal functions such as click, double click, drag, and drop.
• Click operation perform via a left button of the mouse.
• Double click operations perform via a left button of mouse twice the time with frequent speed.
• Drag and Drop operations perform to hold object using mouse left button and release that button after reaching your target place.

• Scroll Button
• It is used to scroll the page or scroll-bar while you work with the long size of page or document.

• Right Button
• It is used to perform a contextual function and depends on context. Example: Right click on Desktop screen and Right Click on Folder - may have different kinds of menu options.

5.0.3. Mic

• It is an input device to enter data in voice forms.
• This device will record human / other voice and store into a sound file format.
• To listen sound from a player - we need a suitable codec (also called as a decoder). 

Figure 4.0.3 Analog to Digital to Analog Process

• There are main two processes...
• Human to Computer Process: here, the human sound is converted into binary forms or digital data also called an AD process (Analog to Digital).
• Computer to Human Process: here, computer digital information is converted into analog format also called as DA process. (Digital to Analog).
• There are several kinds of sound files.
• MP3/MP4/MP10
• Motion Picture Expert Group Version 3 / 4 / 10
• WAV
• Waveform Audio / Video 
• WMA
• Windows Media Audio
• OGG 
• Ogg Vorbis

5.0.4. Scanner

• It is an input device.
• A scanner will input/insert an image or document into a computer system.
• Size and speed depend on a scanner.
• It has mainly two types of scanner as per color technology:
• Black & White Scanner
• Colour scanner
• The scanner also categories as per size and usage.
• Handheld scanner
• It is a small scanner which controls and scan using hand held scanner.
• Example: to scan Visiting card / ID card / Barcode etc..
• Flatbed scanner
• It is medium size scanner which can scan/insert your document into a computer system.
• Example: to scan Photograph, Mark-sheet, Greetings etc..

5.0.5 Joystick

• A joystick is an input device.
• These devices mostly used in a graphical program such as Games, Designer Purpose.
• It can provide control on six directions.
• Left, Right, Up, Down, Top, Bottom
• It is similar look like as mouse but additionally used to control several directional operations.

5.0.6 Digital Pen

• The pen is used to write a note on a notebook.
• These devices provide the same functionality but all the data which is written by a user that will store into a computer system in digital form.
• The pen which is used to write digital forms is called a digital pen.
• It is work with a special pad is called a digital pad which helps to write data on it.
• In mobile, it is called Stylus.

5.0.7 TouchPad

• The touchpad is an embedded input device with a Laptop.
• This device working similar like a mouse.
• It has Main 3 Parts:
• Left Button
• Right Button
• Touchpad surface
• Touchpad surface is used to move your finger on it and it will control your mouse cursor on a computer screen.
• Some of the touchpads has a special button to pause/stop cursor in a computer screen.

5.1 Output Devices

• A device which is used to taking information or print on paper from a computer system.
• Example: Monitor, Speaker, Printer, Plotter, Projector

Figure 4.1 Example of Output Devices

5.1.1 Monitor

• It is the primary device for output.
• It may categories as per color technology.
• Black & White Monitor
• Colour Monitor
• It also categories as per manufacturing technology.

Figure 4.2 Types of Monitor technology

• CRT Monitor
• CRT stands for Cathode Ray Tube
• It has low-resolution technology.
• It is heavy in weight.
• It's required higher power consumption.
• Its need more space.
• This kind of monitor has a lower cost.

• LCD Monitor
• LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display 
• It has higher resolution technology.
• It is lighter than CRT.
• Its required lower power consumption than CRT.
• Its need less space.
• This kind of monitor has a medium cost.

• LED Monitor
• Light Emitting Diode.
• Its required lower power consumption than LCD.
• Its need less space compare to CRT / LCD.
• This kind of monitor has a high cost.

5.1.2 Printer

• It is an output device.
• A printer will print our output or result on paper.
• Size and speed depend on the printer.
• It has mainly two types of a printer as per color technology:
• Black & White Printer
• Colour Printer
• A printer also categories using manufacturing technology.
• Dot Matrix Printer
• This kinds of a printer will use to print character using small dots.
• It is used carbon ribbon in Black or Blue color.
• Ink Jet Printer
• These kinds of the printer will use an Ink for printing output.
• It may use liquid.
• Laser Printer
• This kinds of a printer will use powder for printing output.
• It may use different kinds of tonner.
• A Printer can connect with a computer system using two types of connectors.
1. Parallel connector
2. USB connector

5.1.3 Speaker

• It is an output device.
• A speaker will play the sound.
• Quality of sound depends on the speaker.

Figure 4.3 Types of Speaker channel

• Speaker can categories as per channel technology.
• 2.1 channel speaker
• In this kind of speaker - it has two regular speakers with one subwoofer speaker.
• 5.1 channel speaker
• In this kind of speaker - it has five regular speakers with one subwoofer speaker.
• 7.2 channel speaker
• In this kind of speaker - it has seven regular speakers with two subwoofer speakers.

• A speaker can connect with the computer system using two types of connectors.
1. AV connector
2. USB connector

5.1.4 Plotter

• The plotter is an output device.
• A platter will print or published a big size banner for advertising.
• Size and speed depend on the plotter.
• To print or modify big size banner - we need to support graphics software.
• Example: Photoshop, Coreldraw etc...
• It has mainly two types of plotter as per color technology:
• Black & White Plotter
• Colour Plotter

 5.1.5 Projector

• It is an output device.
• A projector will display a big screen output on the wall or projector sheet.
• Size and speed depend on the projector.
• It has mainly two types of a projector as per color technology:
• Black & White Projector
• Colour Projector
• A projector can connect with a computer system using two types of connectors.
1. VGA (Video Graphics Array) connector
2. USB (Universal Serial Bus) connector
3. HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) connector