Subject: BELE2CFA : Computer Fundamentals And Applications
Topic of Study: Types of memory
Grade/Level: Bachelor of SCIENCE
Objective: To understand the storage devices and its functionalities
Time Allotment: 60 Minutes
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| Figure 5.0 Types of Memory in Computer System |
- Memory is used to store data for temporary time or permanent.
- There are mainly two types:
- Primary Memory
- Primary memory which is direct communication or connected with CPU to send or receive data/information.
- It is also called Internal Memory or temporary storage devices.
- Exa. Register, Cache, RAM, ROM
- Register
- It is a small place to store data and its part of CPU.
- It can perform an operation on Bit level.
- A register can store the following kinds....
- Instruction
- Address
- Data
- Example: Accumulator Register - used to store value.
- Cache
- It is high-speed buffer RAM which helps to CPU for current operations.
- It is located between CPU and RAM.
- The main purpose of this memory is to accelerate speed while CPU processing data.
- When CPU need data- it will check first in Cache memory.
- There are mainly three types:
- Level 1 Cache memory (Fastest)
- Level 2 Cache memory (Fast)
- Level 3 Cache memory (Less Fast)
- RAM
- RAM stands for Random Access Memory
- It will help to CPU to speed up the process.
- It is volatile memory because data will loss after the power is switched off.
- It can read more data simultaneously.
- RAM can read/write data at random position - so, it has high speed.
- It is costlier.
- Example: 64 MB RAM, 128 MB RAM, 1 GB RAM, 2 GB RAM, 4 GB RAM, 8 GB RAM.
- MB stands for MegaByte
- GB stands for GigaByte
- Types:
- SRAM - Static RAM
- DRAM - Dynamic RAM
- ROM
- ROM stands for reading Only Memory
- It will help to the computer to boot up the process.
- A bootup process is an initialization process with hardware to checking all connected devices are working or not then load the main process into RAM.
- It is non-volatile memory because data will not lose after the power is switched off.
- ROM can read the data, only.
- Types:
- PROM- Programmable ROM
- EPROM - Erasable PROM
- EEPROM - Electrically Erasable PROM
- Secondary Memory
- Secondary memory which is indirect communicate or connected with CPU to send or receive data/information.
- It is also called External Memory or permanent storage devices.
- To access data/information from secondary memory - we have two options...
- Sequential Access - to access data sequential forms.
- Random Access - to access data random position.
- Exa. Magnetic Disk, Optical Disk, and Flash Drive.
- Magnetic disk which is depends on magnetic technology.
- Floppy Disk
Figure 5.1 Types of Floppy Disk - It is this plastic coated magnetic material storage device.
- To read or write data into floppy disk - we need Floppy Disk Drive.
- Types of Floppy Disk depends on size and capacity.
- 3.5 Inch Floppy Disk - 1.44 MB
- 5.25 Inch Floppy Disk - 1.2 MB
- 8.0 Inch Floppy Disk - 80 KB
- Hard Disk
- It is non-volatile memory because our data/information never loss when power is switched off.
- It has a magnetic plate to store or retrieve data.
- The plate will move with high speed - a read/write head will control all kinds of operations.
- The hard disk will connect with the Computer system using...
- PATA cable (Parallel ATA)
- SATA cable (Serial ATA)
- The hard disk will divide into several partitions is called drive.
- The drive can store all kinds of files and folders.
- The types of hard disk are...
- PATA hard disk
- SATA hard disk
- USB hard disk - (also called Portable Hard disk)
- Example: 256 GB Hard disk, 512 GB Hard disk, 1 TB Hard disk
- Optical disk which is depends on optical / laser technology.
- Compact Disk
- The CD was developed first by Sony and Philips company.
- During that period, it was used for stored music/video only.
- Nowadays, we use the CD for multipurpose.
- To play a CD in a computer system - we need CD Player or DVD player.
- CD Player provides a tray where you have to insert or put a CD - to play CD.
- There are man two types of CD.
- CD - R (Read only)
- CD - RW (Read + Write) - also called Re-Writable.
- Typically, a CD can store 600 MB to 800 MB.
- Digital Video Disk
- The DVD was developed first by Sony and other company.
- During that period, it was used for software program only.
- Nowadays, we use DVD for multipurpose.
- To play DVD in a computer system - we need DVD Player.
- DVD Player provides a tray where you have to insert or put DVD - to play DVD.
- There are man two types of DVD.
- DVD- R (Read only)
- DVD- RW (Read + Write) - also called Re-Writable.
- Typically, DVD can store 4.7 GB (Single Layer) to 7.4 GB (Dual Layer)
- Blu Ray Disk
- The BD was developed first by Blu ray Disk Association.
- The first BD prototype developed by a Sony company.
- Nowadays, we use BD for multipurpose.
- To play BD in a computer system - we need BD Player.
- BD Player provide a tray where you have to insert or put BD - to play BD.
- There are man two types of BD.
- Typically, BD can store 25 GB (Single Layer) to 50 GB (Dual Layer)
- Flash memory which is depends on the electrically erasable program.
- Pen Drive
- It is a portable device - easily movable.
- It is also called a plug and play device - it automatically detects in a computer system.
- It can connect using the USB connector to a computer system.
- Pen drive is used to store audio, video, files and other kinds of data or information.
- Pen drive can read/write/ read-write the information with higher speed than CD / DVD.
- It is small in size compare to other optical devices.
- Typically, Pen drive can store 4 GB / 8 GB / 16 GB / 32 GB 64 GB / 128 GB etc...
- Network memory which is store and depends on internet
- Cloud Storage
- Cloud storage store the data on the remote machine.
- Remote machine means a machine which is connected with your computer system but a place of that machine is a different place.
- It is a logical pool where your data /information will store.
- To access that data/information - we must need an internet connection.
- The cloud storage provider is...
- Google (15 GB free)
- Amazon
- Microsoft
- We can access the cloud from any time, anywhere on anyplace.
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| Figure 5.2 Example of Optical Disk |
Tags:
Types of Memory
