Web Technologies Development using SPRING

Assignment

Unit-1: Overview of Spring and The IoC Container

1. Long Answer Questions (Descriptive)

1.      Explain the architecture of the Spring Framework. Discuss its different modules and their purposes.

2.      Define the IoC (Inversion of Control) Container. Explain how it works with an example.

3.      What are Spring Beans? How are they defined, configured, and managed in the IoC container?

4.      Discuss Dependency Injection (DI) in detail. Differentiate between Constructor Injection and Setter Injection with examples.

5.      Explain the different bean scopes supported by Spring. Give suitable use cases for each.

6.      Compare Spring Framework with other frameworks such as Struts and Hibernate.

7.      Why is Spring considered lightweight? Illustrate with an example.

8.      Describe the lifecycle of a Spring Bean with neat explanation.

9.      How does Spring achieve loose coupling in applications? Give examples.

10.  Write a detailed note on advantages of using Spring IoC container in enterprise applications.

2. Short Answer Questions

1.      Define the term Spring Framework.

2.      What do you mean by Inversion of Control?

3.      List any three features of Spring Framework.

4.      What is a BeanFactory?

5.      Differentiate between BeanFactory and ApplicationContext.

6.      What is autowiring in Spring?

7.      Define Singleton and Prototype bean scopes.

8.      State one example of setter injection.

9.      What is the default scope of a Spring bean?

10.  Write one difference between tight coupling and loose coupling.

3. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1.      Which of the following is the core feature of Spring?
a) Database handling
b) Dependency Injection
c) GUI design
d) File management
Answer: b) Dependency Injection

2.      The IoC Container in Spring is responsible for:
a) Managing database connections
b) Creating and managing beans
c) Handling JSP pages
d) Generating SQL queries
Answer: b) Creating and managing beans

3.      Which interface is the basic container in Spring?
a) ApplicationContext
b) BeanFactory
c) ServletContext
d) ConfigurableListableBeanFactory
Answer: b) BeanFactory

4.      The default scope of a Spring bean is:
a) Prototype
b) Session
c) Singleton
d) Request
Answer: c) Singleton

5.      Which of the following is NOT a valid dependency injection method in Spring?
a) Constructor Injection
b) Interface Injection
c) Setter Injection
d) Field Injection (via annotations)
Answer: b) Interface Injection

6.      ApplicationContext is a superset of:
a) BeanFactory
b) ServletContext
c) DispatcherServlet
d) Hibernate SessionFactory
Answer: a) BeanFactory

7.      Which XML tag is used to define beans in Spring configuration file?
a) <object>
b) <bean>
c) <class>
d) <context>
Answer: b) <bean>

8.      In Spring, @Autowired annotation is used for:
a) Logging
b) Database connectivity
c) Dependency Injection
d) Bean Scoping
Answer: c) Dependency Injection

4. Fill in the Blanks

1.      The _______ design principle is implemented by Spring to achieve loose coupling.
Answer: Inversion of Control (IoC)

2.      The central interface of Spring IoC container is _______.
Answer: BeanFactory

3.      By default, Spring beans are of scope _______.
Answer: Singleton

4.      The two main types of dependency injection are _______ and _______.
Answer: Constructor Injection, Setter Injection

5.      The _______ interface is an advanced version of BeanFactory.
Answer: ApplicationContext

6.      In Spring configuration file, beans are defined using _______ tag.
Answer: <bean>

7.      _______ scope creates a new bean instance for each HTTP request.
Answer: Request

8.      Spring Framework is written in _______ programming language.
Answer: Java

9.      The annotation _______ is used for automatic dependency injection.
Answer: @Autowired

10.  A Spring bean is simply a _______ managed by IoC container.
Answer: Java Object

5. Programming Questions

Q1. Write a simple Spring application to demonstrate IoC Container and Bean creation using XML configuration.

<!-- beans.xml -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 
    <bean id="student" class="com.example.Student">
        <property name="name" value="John Doe"/>
        <property name="rollNo" value="101"/>
    </bean>
 
</beans>
// Student.java
package com.example;
 
public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int rollNo;
 
    public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
    public void setRollNo(int rollNo) { this.rollNo = rollNo; }
 
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("Student Name: " + name);
        System.out.println("Roll No: " + rollNo);
    }
}
// MainApp.java
package com.example;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class MainApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        student.display();
    }
}

Q2. Write a program to demonstrate Constructor Injection in Spring.

<!-- beans.xml -->
<bean id="car" class="com.example.Car">
    <constructor-arg value="Tesla"/>
    <constructor-arg value="2025"/>
</bean>
// Car.java
package com.example;
 
public class Car {
    private String model;
    private int year;
 
    public Car(String model, int year) {
        this.model = model;
        this.year = year;
    }
 
    public void showDetails() {
        System.out.println("Car Model: " + model + " | Year: " + year);
    }
}
// MainApp.java
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Car car = (Car) context.getBean("car");
car.showDetails();

Q3. Demonstrate Bean Scopes in Spring (Singleton vs Prototype).

<!-- beans.xml -->
<bean id="myBean" class="com.example.MyBean" scope="prototype"/>
// MyBean.java
package com.example;
 
public class MyBean {
    public MyBean() {
        System.out.println("MyBean instance created!");
    }
}
// MainApp.java
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
MyBean obj1 = (MyBean) context.getBean("myBean");
MyBean obj2 = (MyBean) context.getBean("myBean");
System.out.println(obj1 == obj2);  // false for prototype, true for singleton

✅ This assignment covers:

·         Introduction to Spring

·         IoC Container and Beans

·         Dependencies & Dependency Injection

·         Bean Scopes

·         Theory + Practice

 

Unit-2: Resources and Validation

1. Long Answer Questions (Descriptive)

1.      Explain the Resource Interface in Spring. Why is it important? Provide examples.

2.      What are the different types of built-in resources supported by Spring? Explain each with examples.

3.      Describe the ResourceLoader interface in Spring. How does it help in accessing resources?

4.      Discuss the role of the Spring Validator interface. Write an example for validating user input.

5.      What is the difference between programmatic validation and declarative validation in Spring?

6.      Explain the use of Spring’s type conversion system. How does it differ from Java’s default type conversion?

7.      How can you load resources from different sources (file system, classpath, URL) using Spring? Provide examples.

8.      Write a note on the importance of validation in enterprise applications.

9.      Discuss the integration of Spring Validator with Spring MVC.

10.  Illustrate with examples how Spring’s conversion service is used to convert custom data types.

2. Short Answer Questions

1.      What is the Resource Interface?

2.      Mention two examples of built-in resources in Spring.

3.      What is the function of a ResourceLoader?

4.      Which method in the Validator interface is used to check if a class can be validated?

5.      Write the method signature of the validate() method in the Validator interface.

6.      State one difference between PropertyEditor and ConversionService.

7.      What is type safety in the context of Spring’s type conversion?

8.      Which interface is used for validation in Spring?

9.      What does ClassPathResource do?

10.  Which method of ResourceLoader loads resources?

3. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1.      The Resource interface in Spring is defined in:
a) org.springframework.beans
b) org.springframework.core.io
c) org.springframework.context
d) org.springframework.resource
Answer: b) org.springframework.core.io

2.      Which of the following is NOT a built-in resource type in Spring?
a) ClassPathResource
b) FileSystemResource
c) ServletContextResource
d) JSONResource
Answer: d) JSONResource

3.      The main method of ResourceLoader is:
a) loadResource()
b) getResource()
c) fetchResource()
d) resolveResource()
Answer: b) getResource()

4.      The Validator interface in Spring belongs to:
a) org.springframework.context
b) org.springframework.validation
c) org.springframework.core
d) org.springframework.web
Answer: b) org.springframework.validation

5.      Which two methods are defined in Spring’s Validator interface?
a) supports(), validate()
b) check(), validate()
c) init(), supports()
d) verify(), validate()
Answer: a) supports(), validate()

6.      Which class provides type conversion in Spring?
a) PropertyEditor
b) ConversionService
c) ResourceLoader
d) ValidatorAdapter
Answer: b) ConversionService

7.      Spring’s type conversion system is based on:
a) java.beans
b) org.springframework.core.convert
c) org.springframework.validation
d) org.springframework.resources
Answer: b) org.springframework.core.convert

8.      FileSystemResource is used to:
a) Load resources from URL
b) Load resources from file system path
c) Load resources from classpath
d) Load resources from servlet context
Answer: b) Load resources from file system path

4. Fill in the Blanks

1.      The _______ interface represents an external resource in Spring.
Answer: Resource

2.      _______ is used to load resources in Spring.
Answer: ResourceLoader

3.      _______ resource loads files from the application’s classpath.
Answer: ClassPathResource

4.      The Validator interface has two methods: _______ and _______.
Answer: supports(), validate()

5.      _______ is the default type conversion system in Spring.
Answer: ConversionService

6.      _______ resource is used to access files within a web application context.
Answer: ServletContextResource

7.      The validate() method in Spring’s Validator interface accepts two arguments: _______ and _______.
Answer: Object target, Errors errors

8.      Spring’s type conversion is more flexible than Java’s _______.
Answer: PropertyEditor

9.      The getResource() method of _______ interface is used to fetch resources.
Answer: ResourceLoader

10.  Spring validation helps ensure _______ and _______ of application data.
Answer: correctness, consistency

5. Programming Questions

Q1. Demonstrate loading a resource from classpath using ClassPathResource.

import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import java.io.InputStream;
 
public class ResourceDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("data.txt");
        InputStream inputStream = resource.getInputStream();
        byte[] data = new byte[inputStream.available()];
        inputStream.read(data);
        System.out.println(new String(data));
    }
}

Q2. Demonstrate the use of ResourceLoader.

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
 
public class ResourceLoaderDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Resource resource = context.getResource("classpath:data.txt");
        System.out.println("Resource File Name: " + resource.getFilename());
    }
}

Q3. Write a program to demonstrate Spring Validator.

import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
import org.springframework.validation.ValidationUtils;
import org.springframework.validation.Validator;
 
class Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    // getters and setters
}
 
class StudentValidator implements Validator {
    @Override
    public boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
        return Student.class.equals(clazz);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void validate(Object target, Errors errors) {
        Student student = (Student) target;
        ValidationUtils.rejectIfEmptyOrWhitespace(errors, "name", "name.empty", "Name is required");
        if(student.getAge() < 18) {
            errors.rejectValue("age", "age.invalid", "Age must be at least 18");
        }
    }
}

Q4. Demonstrate Spring Type Conversion using ConversionService.

import org.springframework.core.convert.ConversionService;
import org.springframework.core.convert.support.DefaultConversionService;
 
public class ConversionDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConversionService conversionService = new DefaultConversionService();
        String number = "100";
        Integer value = conversionService.convert(number, Integer.class);
        System.out.println("Converted Value: " + value);
    }
}

✅ This covers:

·         Resource Interface

·         Built-in Resources

·         Resource Loader

·         Validation using Spring Validator

·         Spring Type Conversion

 

Unit-3: Spring Expression Language (SpEL)

1. Long Answer Questions (Descriptive)

1.      Explain the Spring Expression Language (SpEL). What are its features and use cases?

2.      Describe the evaluation process of SpEL with suitable examples.

3.      How are SpEL expressions used in bean definitions? Write an example.

4.      Discuss the role of literal expressions in SpEL with examples.

5.      How can SpEL be used to access properties of a bean? Illustrate with code.

6.      Explain how arrays, lists, and maps can be accessed and manipulated using SpEL.

7.      Differentiate between inline lists and inline maps in SpEL with examples.

8.      Describe indexer expressions in SpEL. Show how they are used to access elements in collections.

9.      Discuss the advantages of using SpEL over standard Java expressions in Spring applications.

10.  Write a note on real-time scenarios where SpEL is extensively used in enterprise applications.

2. Short Answer Questions

1.      What is SpEL?

2.      Mention one use of SpEL in Spring.

3.      What does the #{} operator signify in SpEL?

4.      Write an example of a literal expression in SpEL.

5.      How do you access the length of a string in SpEL?

6.      What is an indexer in SpEL?

7.      Write one difference between inline lists and Java lists.

8.      Which symbol is used to define inline maps in SpEL?

9.      What does T(java.lang.Math).PI return in SpEL?

10.  Can SpEL be used in Spring annotations? (Yes/No)

3. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1.      SpEL is supported in Spring since version:
a) 2.0
b) 3.0
c) 4.0
d) 5.0
Answer: b) 3.0

2.      The syntax used for SpEL expressions in XML is:
a) ${}
b) #{}
c) @{}
d) &{}
Answer: b) #{}`

3.      Which of the following is a literal expression?
a) #{5+10}
b) #{'Hello'}
c) #{bean.name}
d) #{list[0]}
Answer: b) #{'Hello'}`

4.      Inline lists in SpEL are created using:
a) [ ]
b) { }
c) ( )
d) < >
Answer: a) [ ]

5.      Inline maps in SpEL are created using:
a) [key:value]
b) {key:value}
c) <key,value>
d) (key:value)
Answer: b) {key:value}

6.      Which SpEL operator is used to access bean properties?
a) . (dot)
b) :
c) ->
d) =>
Answer: a) . (dot)

7.      SpEL indexers can be applied to:
a) Arrays
b) Lists
c) Maps
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

8.      To call static methods in SpEL, we use:
a) S(ClassName).method()
b) T(ClassName).method()
c) C(ClassName).method()
d) M(ClassName).method()
Answer: b) T(ClassName).method()

4. Fill in the Blanks

1.      SpEL expressions in Spring are defined using _______ syntax.
Answer: #{ }

2.      A string literal in SpEL is enclosed within _______.
Answer: single quotes (‘ ’)

3.      Inline lists in SpEL are declared using _______ brackets.
Answer: square [ ]

4.      Inline maps in SpEL are declared using _______ brackets.
Answer: curly { }

5.      To call a static field or method in SpEL, the syntax used is T(className).field/method.

6.      In SpEL, _______ is used to access a property of a bean.
Answer: dot (.) operator

7.      _______ are used to access elements of arrays, lists, or maps in SpEL.
Answer: Indexers ( [ ] )

8.      The SpEL engine evaluates expressions at _______ (compile time / runtime).
Answer: runtime

9.      The T(java.lang.Math).sqrt(25) returns _______.
Answer: 5.0

10.  SpEL can be used in both _______ and _______ configurations in Spring.
Answer: XML, Annotation-based

5. Programming Questions

Q1. Demonstrate a simple SpEL literal expression in XML configuration.

<bean id="myBean" class="com.example.MyBean">
    <property name="message" value="#{'Hello SpEL!'}"/>
    <property name="number" value="#{10+20}"/>
</bean>
public class MyBean {
    private String message;
    private int number;
    // setters and getters
}

Q2. Access bean properties using SpEL.

<bean id="student" class="com.example.Student">
    <property name="name" value="John"/>
    <property name="age" value="22"/>
</bean>
 
<bean id="school" class="com.example.School">
    <property name="studentName" value="#{student.name}"/>
</bean>

Q3. Using arrays, lists, and indexers in SpEL.

<bean id="dataBean" class="com.example.DataBean">
    <property name="numbers" value="#{{1,2,3,4}}"/>
    <property name="firstNumber" value="#{numbers[0]}"/>
</bean>

Q4. Demonstrate inline lists and inline maps in SpEL.

<bean id="collectionBean" class="com.example.CollectionBean">
    <property name="fruits" value="#{'[\'Apple\', \'Banana\', \'Mango\']'}"/>
    <property name="capitals" value="#{{'India':'New Delhi', 'USA':'Washington'}}"/>
</bean>

Q5. Evaluate static method call using SpEL.

<bean id="mathBean" class="com.example.MathBean">
    <property name="piValue" value="#{T(java.lang.Math).PI}"/>
    <property name="squareRoot" value="#{T(java.lang.Math).sqrt(49)}"/>
</bean>

✅ This covers:

·         SpEL Evaluation

·         Expressions in Bean Definitions

·         Literals, Properties

·         Arrays, Lists, Maps

·         Indexers

·         Inline Lists & Inline Maps

 

Unit-4: Data Access

1. Long Answer Questions (Descriptive)

1.      Explain the architecture of Spring JDBC and its advantages over traditional JDBC.

2.      Describe the role of JDBC Template in the Spring Framework. Provide a detailed example.

3.      How does Spring manage database connections? Explain the use of DataSource.

4.      Discuss the concept of exception translation in Spring JDBC.

5.      Explain different methods provided by the JdbcTemplate class (e.g., query(), update(), execute()).

6.      What are JDBC Batch operations? How are they implemented in Spring?

7.      Compare JdbcTemplate with NamedParameterJdbcTemplate in Spring.

8.      Describe the steps involved in performing CRUD operations using Spring JDBC.

9.      How does Spring provide transaction management in JDBC?

10.  Write a note on best practices while working with Spring JDBC.

2. Short Answer Questions

1.      What is Spring JDBC?

2.      Mention one advantage of Spring JDBC over plain JDBC.

3.      What is the purpose of JdbcTemplate?

4.      Define DataSource in Spring JDBC.

5.      What is exception translation in Spring JDBC?

6.      Which method is used in JdbcTemplate for retrieving multiple rows?

7.      What is a RowMapper?

8.      Write a use of batchUpdate() in Spring JDBC.

9.      What are the two templates commonly used in Spring JDBC?

10.  Does Spring JDBC support transactions? (Yes/No)

3. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1.      Which class is the central class in Spring JDBC?
a) JdbcDriver
b) JdbcTemplate
c) ConnectionFactory
d) JdbcHelper
Answer: b) JdbcTemplate

2.      Which interface is used for connection pooling in Spring JDBC?
a) Connection
b) DataSource
c) JdbcConnection
d) JdbcHelper
Answer: b) DataSource

3.      Which method of JdbcTemplate is used to perform INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE operations?
a) query()
b) execute()
c) update()
d) batchUpdate()
Answer: c) update()

4.      Which class is used for named parameters in SQL queries in Spring JDBC?
a) NamedParameterJdbcTemplate
b) JdbcMapper
c) SqlParameterTemplate
d) JdbcHelper
Answer: a) NamedParameterJdbcTemplate

5.      What does the queryForObject() method return?
a) List of objects
b) Single object
c) ResultSet
d) Integer only
Answer: b) Single object

6.      Which method is used for batch operations in Spring JDBC?
a) executeBatch()
b) batchUpdate()
c) updateBatch()
d) multiUpdate()
Answer: b) batchUpdate()

7.      Which of the following is NOT a feature of Spring JDBC?
a) Exception Translation
b) Template-based approach
c) Automatic query optimization
d) Simplified connection management
Answer: c) Automatic query optimization

8.      In Spring JDBC, SQL exceptions are converted into:
a) Checked Exceptions
b) Runtime Exceptions
c) IO Exceptions
d) Compilation Errors
Answer: b) Runtime Exceptions

4. Fill in the Blanks

1.      The central class for JDBC operations in Spring is _______.
Answer: JdbcTemplate

2.      A _______ provides database connections in Spring JDBC.
Answer: DataSource

3.      The method used for DML operations in JdbcTemplate is _______.
Answer: update()

4.      The method used to fetch a single row is _______.
Answer: queryForObject()

5.      _______ interface is used to map rows of a ResultSet.
Answer: RowMapper

6.      The method used for batch processing is _______.
Answer: batchUpdate()

7.      Spring translates SQL exceptions into _______ exceptions.
Answer: Runtime

8.      _______ is an alternative to JdbcTemplate that allows named parameters.
Answer: NamedParameterJdbcTemplate

9.      _______ provides a standard way of obtaining database connections.
Answer: DataSource

10.  _______ is used to execute arbitrary SQL statements in Spring JDBC.
Answer: execute()

5. Programming Questions

Q1. Example of JdbcTemplate with Select Query

@Autowired
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
 
public List<Student> getAllStudents() {
    return jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT * FROM student", 
        (rs, rowNum) -> new Student(
            rs.getInt("id"), 
            rs.getString("name"), 
            rs.getInt("age")));
}

Q2. Insert record using JdbcTemplate update()

public int insertStudent(int id, String name, int age) {
    String sql = "INSERT INTO student (id, name, age) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
    return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, id, name, age);
}

Q3. Using NamedParameterJdbcTemplate

@Autowired
NamedParameterJdbcTemplate namedParameterJdbcTemplate;
 
public int updateStudentAge(int id, int age) {
    String sql = "UPDATE student SET age=:age WHERE id=:id";
    Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
    params.put("id", id);
    params.put("age", age);
    return namedParameterJdbcTemplate.update(sql, params);
}

Q4. Batch Insert using batchUpdate()

public int[] batchInsert(List<Student> students) {
    String sql = "INSERT INTO student (id, name, age) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
    return jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, students, students.size(),
        (ps, student) -> {
            ps.setInt(1, student.getId());
            ps.setString(2, student.getName());
            ps.setInt(3, student.getAge());
        });
}

Q5. Configuring DataSource Bean in Spring

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb"/>
    <property name="username" value="root"/>
    <property name="password" value="password"/>
</bean>
 
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>

✅ This covers:

·         Spring JDBC Overview

·         JdbcTemplate Core Class

·         Database Connection Handling

·         Batch Operations

 


Thanks a lot for query or your valuable suggestions related to the topic.

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